The circumcision of Moses’ son (Ex. 4:24–26). Ancient rite and its Biblical reinterpretation
https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2024-4-120-131
Abstract
The article attempts to trace the evolution of circumcision as it depicted in the Tanakh, from the narrative of Zipporah circumcising her son (Exodus 4:24–26) to the story of God’s covenant with Abraham (Genesis 17:10–14). Through the analysis of multiple biblical texts and the semantics of the phrase “blood groom,” it is suggested that circumcision, in its original form, was a part of the wedding ceremony, a rite of passage into a new lineage and social status. Being an integral part of the life-cycle rituals of an archaic society, circumcision couldn’t simply be forgotten or entirely replaced by Jewish tradition after the spread and establishment of monotheistic beliefs. Thus, it remained in cultural memory but underwent a reinterpretation, becoming an obligatory ritual for men entering the covenant.
Keywords
About the Author
S. V. BabkinaRussian Federation
Svetlana V. Babkina, Cand. of Sci. (History)
6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047
References
1. Assman, A. (2019), Zabvenie istorii - oderzhimost’ istoriei [Geschichtsvergessenheit - Geschichtsversessenheit: Vom Umgang mit deutschen Vergangenheiten nach 1945], Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, Moscow, Russia.
2. Assman, Ya. (2004), Kul’turnaya pamyat’: Pis’mo, pamyat’ o proshlom i politicheskaya identichnost’ v vysokikh kul’turakh drevnosti [Das kulturelle Gedächtnis: Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen], Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury, Moscow, Russia.
3. Becking, B. (2023), “Then Zipporah took a Flint… Circumcision as a rite of passage in Exod 4,24-26”, Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 3-16.
4. Boling, R. and Wright, E. (1995), Joshua: A new translation with notes and commentary, Yale University Press, Garden City, N.Y., USA.
5. Bregman, M. (1997), “Midrash Rabbah and the Medieval collector mentality”, Prooftexts, vol. 17, no. 1: The anthological imagination in Jewish literature, part 1, pp. 63-76.
6. Childs, B.S. (1962) Myth and reality in the Old Testament, SCM Press LTD, London, UK.
7. Desnitskii, A.S. (2004), “ ‘You are a bridegroom of blood to me’. Interpretation of Exodus 4:24-26], Al’fa i Omega, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 59-72.
8. Feldman, L.M. (2023), The consuming fire: The complete priestly source, from creation to the Promised Land, University of California Press, Oakland, USA.
9. Greenberg, M. (1969), Understanding Exodus: A holistic commentary on Exodus 1-11, Cascade book, Eugene, USA.
10. Houtman, C. (1983), Exodus 4:24-26 and its interpretation, Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages, no. 11, pp. 81-105.
11. Lefevr, A. (2015), Proizvodstvo prostranstva [La production de l’espace], Strelka Press, Moscow, Russia.
12. Lotman, Yu.M. (1992), “Memory in cultural studies”, in Lotman, Yu.M., Izbrannye stat’i [Selected articles], vol. 1, Alexandra, Tallinn, Estonia, pp. 200-202.
13. Morgenstern, J. (1963), “The ‘Bloody Husband’ (?) (Exod. 4:24-26). Once again”, Hebrew Union College Annual, vol. 34, pp. 35-70.
14. Propp, W. (1987), “The origins of infant circumcision in Israel “, Hebrew Annual Review, vol. 11, pp. 355-370.
15. Sarna, N. (1991) Exodus. The JPS Torah commentary, The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia, New York, USA.
16. Stemberger, G. (1996), Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, USA.
Review
For citations:
Babkina S.V. The circumcision of Moses’ son (Ex. 4:24–26). Ancient rite and its Biblical reinterpretation. Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion. 2024;(4):120-131. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2024-4-120-131