<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religiosa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Studia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-4158</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-4158-2019-3-29-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religiosa-67</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Papers</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Одержимость и транс в традиционной культуре Сардинии в прошлом и настоящем (на примере области Барбаджа)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On obsession and trance in the traditional culture of Sardinia in past and present (the case of Barbagia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаис</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fais</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Д. Фаис - кандидат исторических наук, Центр европейских и американских исследований.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana D. Fais - PhD in History.</p><p>Bld. 32a, Leninsky av., Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oxana-fais@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр европейских и американских исследований, Институт этнологии и антропологии, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center of European and American Studies. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фаис О.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фаис О.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fais O.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/67">https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/67</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая статья посвящена теме одержимости и транса в контексте «живого» этнографического материала на примере одного из регионов Италии, Сардинии, и прежде всего ее центральной горной области - Барбаджи. Ввиду малой изученности данных феноменов в упомянутом регионе мы, базируясь на собственном полевом материале и апеллируя к исследованиям Э. Бургиньон и И. Жордании, стремимся подойти к проблеме не с традиционных позиций психологии и психиатрии, но с точки зрения культурной антропологии, рассматривая эти явления как органичное порождение локальных верований, мировидения, обрядности. В качестве объекта описания выбраны три феномена локальной традиционной культуры: обрядовый «круговой танец», шествие карнавальных ряженых в одной из деревень Барбаджи и вхождение в транс пастухов, представляющих собой преобладающую социо-культурную страту населения этого региона и основных «хранителей» традиции и локальной культуры. Мы приходим к заключению, что сохранение здесь до сегодняшнего дня древних устоев веры является непременным условием вхождения в состояние транса и одержимости в этом регионе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present report is devoted to obsession and trance studied through first-hand ethnographical data. Geographically, the focus of the current study was one of European regions, namely Sardinia with its mountainous area of Barbagia. Due to the lack research into these phenomena in the region the author makes use of her own field data as well as terms introduced by Erika Bourguignon and Iosif Jordania and tries to approach the issue from the perspective of cultural anthropology rather than psychology and psychiatry, looking at these phenomena with no reference to Christianity, but as something based on local beliefs, mindset, rites and rituals. The current study analyses three traditional phenomena: the circle dance, the marching of carnival revelers in one of the local villages and the entry into the trance of shepherds, which are the predominant socio-cultural strata of the population of the region and the main “keepers” of tradition and local culture. The research revealed, in particular, that up to the present day one must retain ancient religious foundations in order to be able to get into the state of trance and obsession.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транс</kwd><kwd>одержимость</kwd><kwd>боевой транс</kwd><kwd>культура Барбаджи</kwd><kwd>сохранение традиционности</kwd><kwd>«круговой танец»</kwd><kwd>демоны</kwd><kwd>апотропейные и зоолатрические пастушеские обряды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obsession trance</kwd><kwd>battle trance</kwd><kwd>culture of Barbagia</kwd><kwd>cultural conservation</kwd><kwd>«ballu tondu»</kwd><kwd>demons</kwd><kwd>apotropaic and zoolatric shepherds’ rites</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикуется в соответствии с планом научно-исследовательских работ Института этнологии и антропологии РАН</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Published in accordance with the research plan of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1954) Storia della letteratura di Sardegna. Cagliari: 3T.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1954) Storia della letteratura di Sardegna. Cagliari: 3T.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1957) Storiografia delle tradizioni popolari di Sardegna. Cagliari: La Zattera.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1957) Storiografia delle tradizioni popolari di Sardegna. Cagliari: La Zattera.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1959) Picaro e folklore e altri saggi di storia delle tradizioni po-polari. Firenze: Olschki.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1959) Picaro e folklore e altri saggi di storia delle tradizioni po-polari. Firenze: Olschki.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1959) Contriburo al concetto di tradizione // «Lares». Firenze: Olschki.Vol. XXV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1959) Contriburo al concetto di tradizione // «Lares». Firenze: Olschki.Vol. XXV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1964). Verso la storia dell’abbigliamento popolare in Sardegna. Cagliari: Edizione della Rivista Il congegno.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1964). Verso la storia dell’abbigliamento popolare in Sardegna. Cagliari: Edizione della Rivista Il congegno.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alziator, Fr. (1978) Il Folclore Sardo. Cagliari: Dessi.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alziator, Fr. (1978) Il Folclore Sardo. Cagliari: Dessi.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moretti, P. (1954) Mamuthones e Maimones // «Lares». Firenze. Vol. XX, fasc. 3-4. Pp. 179-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moretti, P. (1954) Mamuthones e Maimones // «Lares». Firenze. Vol. XX, fasc. 3-4. Pp. 179-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moretti, P. (1963) La maschera dell’orso in Sardegna e il significato dei Ma-muthones // «Lares». Firenze. Vol.XXXIII, fasc.1/2. Pp. 23-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moretti, P. (1963) La maschera dell’orso in Sardegna e il significato dei Ma-muthones // «Lares». Firenze. Vol.XXXIII, fasc.1/2. Pp. 23-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchi, R. (1951) Le maschere barbaricine // «Il Ponte». Firenze. N 9/10. Pp. 1262-1279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchi, R. (1951) Le maschere barbaricine // «Il Ponte». Firenze. N 9/10. Pp. 1262-1279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (1984) Leggende e racconti popolari della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (1984) Leggende e racconti popolari della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (1990) Maschere, miti e feste della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton. 1990</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (1990) Maschere, miti e feste della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton. 1990</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (1992) Samugheo. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (1992) Samugheo. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (2001) Lo sciamanesimo in Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (2001) Lo sciamanesimo in Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (2016) Le tradizioni popolari in Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (2016) Le tradizioni popolari in Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turchi, D. (2018) I carnevali e le maschere tradizionali della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turchi, D. (2018) I carnevali e le maschere tradizionali della Sardegna. Roma: Newton Compton.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballore, R. (2006). Mamuthones e Issohadores, maschere, carnevali. Note etno-grafiche. http://www.mamoiada.org/_pdf/_mamuthiss/etno.pdf (Дата обращения: 15.05.2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballore, R. (2006). Mamuthones e Issohadores, maschere, carnevali. Note etno-grafiche. http://www.mamoiada.org/_pdf/_mamuthiss/etno.pdf (Дата обращения: 15.05.2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourguignon, T. (1973) Religion, altered states of consciousness and social change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourguignon, T. (1973) Religion, altered states of consciousness and social change. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordania, J. (2011) Why do People Sing? Music in Human Evolution. Tbilisi: Logos.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordania, J. (2011) Why do People Sing? Music in Human Evolution. Tbilisi: Logos.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Scanff, C. (1995) La conscience modifee. Paris: Editions Payot et Rivages.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Scanff, C. (1995) La conscience modifee. Paris: Editions Payot et Rivages.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Havelock Ellis, H. (1923) The dance of life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company edition.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Havelock Ellis, H. (1923) The dance of life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company edition.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maurice comte de Saxe (1757) MesReveries. T. I., Amsterdam et Leipzig: Arkstee et Merkus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maurice comte de Saxe (1757) MesReveries. T. I., Amsterdam et Leipzig: Arkstee et Merkus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musio, G. (1969) La cultura solitaria. Introduzione e acculturazione nella Sardegna arcaica. Bologna: Il Mulino.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musio, G. (1969) La cultura solitaria. Introduzione e acculturazione nella Sardegna arcaica. Bologna: Il Mulino.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lilliu, G. (2002) La costante resistenziale sarda. Nuoro: Ilisso.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lilliu, G. (2002) La costante resistenziale sarda. Nuoro: Ilisso.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arquer, S. (2007) Sardiniae brevis historia et descriptio. Cagliari: CUEC.. P.XCV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arquer, S. (2007) Sardiniae brevis historia et descriptio. Cagliari: CUEC.. P.XCV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Marmora, A. (1928) Viaggio in Sardegna. Cagliari: Ed. Fondazione il Nuraghe.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Marmora, A. (1928) Viaggio in Sardegna. Cagliari: Ed. Fondazione il Nuraghe.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2016) The Island of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume I. Palala Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2016) The Island of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume I. Palala Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2008) The Island of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume II. Charleston (South Carolina): BiblioBazaar.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2008) The Island of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume II. Charleston (South Carolina): BiblioBazaar.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2009) The Island Of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume III. Kila (MT): Kessinger Publishing Co.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warre Tyndale, J.W. (2009) The Island Of Sardinia: Including Pictures Of The Manners And Customs Of The Sardinians, And Notes On The Antiquities And Modern Objects Of Interest In The Island (1849). Volume III. Kila (MT): Kessinger Publishing Co.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lilliu, G. (1951) Preistoria Sarda e Civilta Nuragica // «Il Ponte». Firenze. N 9/10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lilliu, G. (1951) Preistoria Sarda e Civilta Nuragica // «Il Ponte». Firenze. N 9/10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Али-заде А.А. (2007) Зикр // Исламский энциклопедический словарь. М.: Ансар. [Dhikr].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Али-заде А.А. (2007) Зикр // Исламский энциклопедический словарь. М.: Ансар. [Dhikr].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orru, L. (1980-1981) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna. Saggio di repertorio della voce denominazioni // «Annali della Facolta di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Universita di Cagliari». Vol. III (XL). pp. 375-411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orru, L. (1980-1981) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna. Saggio di repertorio della voce denominazioni // «Annali della Facolta di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Universita di Cagliari». Vol. III (XL). pp. 375-411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orru, L. (1981) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna. Saggio di repertorio della voce personificazioni // «BRADS». № 10. pp. 5-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orru, L. (1981) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna. Saggio di repertorio della voce personificazioni // «BRADS». № 10. pp. 5-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orru, L. (1982-1983) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna Saggio di repertorio della voce maschere // «BRADS». № 11. pp. 41-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orru, L. (1982-1983) Materiali per lo studio del Carnevale in Sardegna Saggio di repertorio della voce maschere // «BRADS». № 11. pp. 41-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxia, A. Dal Villaggio alla Selva. L’umanizzazione dello spazio in una comuni-ta’ agro-silvo-pastorale della Barbagia. Quaderni del Museo etnografico di Ari-tzo. Palermo: Copygraphic s.n.c. 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maxia, A. Dal Villaggio alla Selva. L’umanizzazione dello spazio in una comuni-ta’ agro-silvo-pastorale della Barbagia. Quaderni del Museo etnografico di Ari-tzo. Palermo: Copygraphic s.n.c. 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
