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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religiosa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Studia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-4158</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-4158-2025-4-137-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religiosa-474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Varia</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Varia</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Фиктивное родство» или «родительство по благодати»? Переосмысление семейных связей через крестное родительство в социальной антропологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Fictitious kinship” or “parenthood by grace”? Rethinking family ties through godparenthood in social anthropology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюткин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyutkin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван В. Павлюткин, кандидат социологических наук</p><p>127051, Москва, Лихов пер., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Pavlyutkin, Cand. of Sci. (Sociology)</p><p>6, Likhov Lane, Moscow, 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanya-ne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлюткин И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлюткин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlyutkin I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/474">https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/474</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучение крестного родительства, т. е. связей духовного родства, стало определенным вызовом для западной социальной антропологии, поскольку его «открытие» не вписывалось в уже существующие теории систем родства. Первые антропологические исследования исходили из необходимости описания наблюдаемых эффектов и функций этого института, заключающихся в социальной интеграции местных сообществ, выстраивании отношений обмена между домашними хозяйствами, а также замещении функций биологического родства, по аналогии с авункулатом или случаями фиктивного родства. Такой «утилитарный взгляд» не позволял объяснить специфическое христианское значение этого сложного комплекса отношений в сравнении с другими подобными институтами. Для поиска более адекватных интерпретаций его роли антропологи обратились к изучению источников церковного права и начали выявлять значения употребляемых в обыденном языке категорий с обращением к их богословской интерпретации. Крестное родительство определяют как народно-христианский институт, для которого ключевое значение имеет укорененность догматики в местной традиции. Опираясь на выводы из исследований института компадразго, комплекса отношений, связывающих естественное и духовное родство, мы хотим акцентировать внимание на расширение области значений понятия семьи, которое вытекает из данных выводов. Антропологи, опирающиеся на богословские аргументы о «втором рождении» и о родительстве «по благодати», с одной стороны проводят оппозицию между естественным и духовным родством, что объясняет ряд правил института компадразго, возвышающих духовное родство. С другой стороны, они определяют его как механизм расширения естественных границ семьи за счет включения в отношения родства духовных связей и поддержания христианской семейной идеологии внутри отношений естественного родства, а также внутри местных общин. Исследования, сравнивающие католический институт компадразго и православный институт кумовства, также указывают на влияние института крестного родительства на расширение значения семейных связей, выходящего за рамки естественного родства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of godparenthood, that is, the ties of spiritual kinship, posed a definite challenge for Western social anthropology, since its “discovery” did not fit into the already existing theories of kinship systems. The first anthropological studies of the institute proceeded from the need to describe its observed effects and functions, consisting in the social integration of local communities, building exchange relations between households, as well as replacing the functions of biological kinship, by analogy with avunculate or fictitious kinship. Such a “utilitarian view” was criticized for neglecting the specific Christian roots of this complex of relations in comparison with other similar institutions. In order to find more adequate interpretations of its role, anthropologists turned to the study of Church law and identified the meanings of categories used in everyday language with reference to their theological interpretations (for example, honor, grace, etc.). Godparenthood is defined as a Folk-Christian institution when Christian dogmatic is embedded in the local tradition. Relying on the findings from the research of the compadrazgo institute, a complex of relations linking natural and spiritual kinship, we focus on expanding the meaning of the concept of family, which follows from these conclusions. Implementing theological arguments about “second birth” and “parenting by grace”, anthropologists on the one hand, draw an opposition between natural and spiritual kinship, which explains a number of rules of the compadrazgo institute that elevate spiritual affinity. On the other hand, they define it as a mechanism for expanding the natural boundaries of the family by including spiritual ties in kinship relationships and maintaining Christian family ideology within natural kinship relationships, as well as within local communities. Studies comparing the Catholic Institute of Compadrazgo and the Orthodox Institute of Kumstvo also pointed to the influence of the institute of godparents on the conceptual modification of family ties complementing natural kinship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крестное родительство</kwd><kwd>компадразго</kwd><kwd>естественное и духовное родство</kwd><kwd>социальная антропология</kwd><kwd>теология</kwd><kwd>христианская семья</kwd><kwd>народно-христианский институт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>godparenthood</kwd><kwd>compadrazgo</kwd><kwd>natural and spiritual kinship</kwd><kwd>social anthropology</kwd><kwd>theology</kwd><kwd>Christian family</kwd><kwd>folk-Christian institution</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке Фонда развития ПСТГУ и Фонда «Живая традиция». Проект: Социальное значение крестного родства в современной России № 1-0046/22 (http://socrel.pstgu.ru/RU/ grants/kinship, Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет)</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The project was supported by Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University and the Active Tradition Foundation in 2021–2023. Project: The social significance of spiritual kinship in Russia (21st century)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатырь 2001 – Богатырь Н.В. Крестильные обычаи и обряды восточнославянского населения Кубани в конце XIX – первой половине XX в. // Восточнославянский этнолингвистический сборник: Исследования и материалы. М.: Индрик, 2001. С. 79–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfani, G. and Gourdon, V. 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