<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religiosa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Studia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-4158</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-4158-2025-3-138-159</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religiosa-452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Varia</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Varia</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Культ мусульманских святых в Индонезии:  религиозные и культурные практики воображения  и «потребления» святости  в индонезийском обществе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cult of Muslim Saints in Indonesia:  Religious and cultural practices of imagining and “consuming” holiness in Indonesian society</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирчанов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirchanov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим В. Кирчанов, доктор исторических наук, доцент</p><p>394052, Воронеж, Московский пр-кт, д. 88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Kirchanov, Dr. of Sci. (History), associate professor</p><p>88, Moskovsky Av., Voronezh, 394052</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksym_kyrchanoff@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирчанов М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирчанов М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirchanov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/452">https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/452</self-uri><abstract><p>. В статье анализируется социальная и культурная динамика исторического развития культа святых в Индонезии. В центре внимания проблема соотнесения традиционного и современного в индонезийском обществе, которые существенно влияли на историю культа святых в социальной истории индонезийского ислама. Автор выделяет несколько элементов современной социальной истории культа святых в исламе в Индонезии. Предполагается, что 1) образы святых стали изобретенными культурными и социальными конструктами, 2) народный или низовой ислам является пространством развития представлений о святых, 3) универсальной формой функционирования культа святых стало паломничество, или зиярат, 4) практики зиярата интегрированы в современную экономическую модель, 5) святые стали объектом последовательной маркетизации и поэтому массовая культура превращается в одно из пространств развития их образов. Анализируя роль уммы, автор полагает, что 1) развитие культа святых в истории индонезийской мусульманской уммы стало результатом трансформации народного ислама, 2) развитие представлений о святых в исламе стало формой народной мемориальной культуры, 3) история культа святых в индонезийском исламе стала проявлением адаптивного потенциала уммы, ее реакцией на секуляризацию общества. Процессы модернизации в Индонезии существенно влияли на культ святых. Автором статьи показано, что история культа святых актуализировала противоречия развития уммы в контекстах параллельного соразвития и одновременного софункционирования «высокого» («ученого») и «низкого» («народного») ислама.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyses the social and cultural dynamics of the historical development of the cult of saints in Indonesia. The author studies modernization and traditionalism, which influenced significantly the history of the cult of saints in the social history of Indonesian Islam. The author highlights several elements of the modern social history of the cult of saints in Islam in Indonesia. It is assumed that 1) images of saints have become invented cultural and social constructs, 2) folk Islam is a space for the development of ideas about saints, 3) ziyarat has become a universal form of functioning of the cult of saints, 4) ziyarat practices are integrated into the modern economic model, 5) saints have become the object of consistent marketization and therefore mass culture is turning into one of the spaces for the development of their images. Analysing the role of the Ummah, the author believes that 1) the development of the cult of saints in the history of the Indonesian Muslim Ummah became the result of the transformation of folk Islam, 2) the development of ideas about saints in Islam became a form of folk memorial culture, 3) the history of the cult of saints in Indonesian Islam actualised adaptive potential of the Ummah, its reaction to the secularization of society. It is assumed that the process of modernization and secularization in Indonesia influenced the cult of saints significantly. The author of the article shows that the history of the cult of saints actualised the contradictions in the development of the Muslim Ummah in contexts of parallel co-development and simultaneous co-functioning of “high” (“scholarly”) and “low” (“folk”) Islam.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ислам</kwd><kwd>социальная и культурная история ислама</kwd><kwd>святые</kwd><kwd>культ святых</kwd><kwd>Индонезия</kwd><kwd>традиции</kwd><kwd>традиционализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Islam</kwd><kwd>social and cultural histories of Islam</kwd><kwd>saints (wali)</kwd><kwd>cult of saints</kwd><kwd>Indonesia</kwd><kwd>traditions</kwd><kwd>traditionalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашин 2012 – Абашин С. Геллнер, «потомки святых» и Средняя Азия // Конфессия, империя, нация: Религия и проблема разнообразия в истории постсоветского пространства. М.: Новое издательство, 2012. С. 375–403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashin, S. (2012), “Gellner, ‘descendants of Saints’ and Central Asia”, in Konfessiya, imperiya, natsiya: Religiya i problema raznoobraziya v istorii postsovetskogo prostranstva [Confession, empire, nation. Religion and the problem of diversity in the history of the post-Soviet space], Novoye izdatel’stvo, Moscow, Russia, pp. 375–403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашин, Бобровников 2003 – Абашин С.Н., Бобровников В.О. Соблазны культа святых // Подвижники ислама: Культ святых и суфизм в Средней Азии и на Кавказе. М.: Восточная литература, 2003. C. 3–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashin, S.N. and Bobrovnikov, V.O. (2003), “Temptations of the cult of saints”, in Abashin, S.N. and Bobrovnikov, V.O., comp., Podvizhniki islama: Kul’t svyatykh i sufizm v Srednei Azii i na Kavkaze [Devotees of Islam: The cult of saints and Sufism in Central Asia and the Caucasus], Vostochnaya literatura, Moscow, Russia, pp. 3–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аминев 2008 – Аминев З.Г. О поклонении башкирами-мусульманами могилам святых // Зайнулла Расулев – выдающийся башкирский мыслитель, философ, теолог и педагог-просветитель мусульманского мира: Материалы международной научно-практической конференции, посвященной 175-летию З. Расулева (1833–1917). Уфа: РИЦ БашГУ, 2008. С. 10–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akbar, U. (2009), Kisah Seru 9 Pejuang Islam [Exciting stories of 9 Islamic fighters], Mizan, Bandung, Indonesia.Alatas, I.F. (2020), “Dreaming Saints: Exploratory authority and Islamic praxes of history in Central Java”, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 67–85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асад 2017 – Асад Т. Идея антропологии ислама // Islamology. 2017. Т. 7. № 1. С. 41–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aminev, Z.G. (2008), “About the worship of the graves of saints by Muslim Bashkirs”, in Zainulla Rasulev – vydayushchiisya bashkirskii myslitel’, filosof, teolog i pedagog-prosvetitel’ musul’manskogo mira: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 175-letiyu Z. Rasuleva (1833–1917) [Zainulla Rasulev – an outstanding Bashkir thinker, philosopher, theologian and educator of the Muslim world: Materials of the international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 175th anniversary of Z. Rasulev (1833–1917)], RITs BashGU, Ufa, Russia, pp. 10–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Басилов 1970 – Басилов В.Н. Культ святых в исламе. М.: Мысль, 1970. 144 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arifin, C.T.Z. (2011), Sejarah Wujudnya Makam Sab’atul Auliya’ Wali Pitu di Bali (Sejarah Perkembangan dan Pengembanganка) [The history of the existence of the tomb of Sab’atul Auliya’ Wali Pitu in Bali (History of development and expansion)], Zifatama Publishing, Jember, Indonesia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белла 1996 – Белла Р. Религия как символическая модель, формирующая человеческий опыт // Религия и общество: Хрестоматия по социологии религии / сост. В.И. Гараджа, Е.Д. Руткевич. М.: Аспект Пресс, 1996. С. 190–193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arjana, S. (2017), Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and modern practices, Oneworld, London, UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геллнер 1995 – Геллнер Э. Условия свободы: Гражданское общество и его исторические соперники. М.: Ad Marginem, 1995. 222 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asad, T. (2017), “The idea of the anthropology of Islam”, Islamology, vol. 7, no 1, pp. 41–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гирц 2001 – Гірц К. Інтерпретація культур. Вибрані есе. Київ: Дух і Літера, 2001. 542 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basilov, V.N. (1970), Kul’t svyatykh v islame [The cult of Saints in Islam], Mysl’, Moscow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусева 2013 – Гусева Ю.Н. Ишанизм как суфийская традиция Средней Волги в XX веке: формы, смыслы, значение / ред. О.Н. Сенюткина; общ. ред. Д.В. Мухетдинов. М.: ИД «Медина», 2013. 218 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bella, R. (1996), “Religion as a symbolic model that shapes human experience”, in Garadzha, V.I. and Rutkevich, E.D., comp, Religiya i obshchestvo: Khrestomatiya po sotsiologii religii [Religion and society. Reader on the sociology of religion], Aspekt Press, Moscow, Russia, pp. 190–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дариева 2016 – Дариева Ц. Бакинский «Бескостный» святой: мусульманс кое паломничество в секулярном городе // Государство, религия, церковь в России и за рубежом. 2016. № 2 (34). С. 203–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhardwaj, S. (1998), “Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation”, Journal of Cultural Geography, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 69–87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кормина 2019 – Кормина Ж. Паломники: Этнографические очерки православного номадизма. М.: ВШЭ, 2019. 351 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowen, J.R. (2011), “Graves, shrines and power in a highland Sumatran society”, in Smith, G.M. and Ernst, C.W., eds., Manifestations of sainthood in Islam, Gorgias Press, New Jersey, USA, pp. 1–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинов 2019 – Литвинов В.П. Реликты языческих верований в исламском «Культе святых» // Исламоведение. 2019. № 3. С. 61–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chambert-Loir, H. and Guillot, C. (2010), Ziarah dan Wali di Dunia Islam [Pilgrimage and Saints in the Islamic world], Komunitas Bambu, Jakarta, Indonesia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макатов 1967 – Макатов И.А. Культ святых в исламе (на материалах Дагестанской АССР и Чечено-Ингушской АССР) // Вопросы научного атеизма. М.: Мысль, 1967. С. 164–182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook, D. (2007), Martyrdom in Islam: Themes in Islamic history, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. UK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сеитов 2018 – Сеитов Э.М. Культ почитания святых в среднеазиатском народном исламе на примере комплекса Шейхантаур, г. Ташкент, Узбекистан // Гуманитарный акцент. 2018. № 1. С. 68–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dariyeva, Ts. (2016), “Baku ‘Boneless’ Saint: Muslim pilgrimage in a secular city”, Gosudarstvo, religiya, tserkov’ v Rossii i za rubezhom, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 203–225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селезнев, Селезнева, Белич 2009 – Селезнев А.Г., Селезнева И.А., Белич И.В. Культ святых в сибирском исламе: специфика универсального. М.: ИД «Марджани», 2009. 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Formichi, C. (2021), “Muslim pilgrimage in Southeast Asia”, in Formichi, C., ed., Routledge handbook on Islam in Asia, Routledge, London, UK, New York, USA, pp. 196–208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сызранов 2006 – Сызранов А.В. Святые места мусульман Астраханского края: Историко-этнографический очерк. Астрахань: ИД «Астраханский университет», 2006. 51 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geertz C. (2001), Іnterpretatsіya kul’tur. Vibranі ese [Interpretation of cultures. Selected essays], Dukh o Litera, Kyiv, Ukraine.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хобсбаум 2005 – Гобсбаум Е. Вступ: винаходження традицій // Хобсбаум Э., Рейнджер Т. Винайдення традицій. Київ: Ніка-Центр, 2005. С. 12–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gellner, E. (1969), Saints of the Atlas, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хьюстон 2018 – Хьюстон К. Ислам антропологии // Islamology. 2018. Т. 8. № 1. C. 9–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gellner, E. (1995), Usloviya svobody: Grazhdanskoe obshchestvo i ego istoricheskie soperniki [Conditions of freedom. Civil society and its historical rivals], Ad Marginem, Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbar 2009 – Akbar U. Kisah Seru 9 Pejuang Islam [Захватывающая история 9 исламских подвижников]. Bandung: Mizan, 2009. 112 hlm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guseva, Yu.N. (2013), Ishanizm kak sufiiskaya traditsiya Srednei Volgi v XX veke:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alatas 2020 – Alatas I.F. Dreaming Saints: Exploratory authority and Islamic praxes of history in Central Java // Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 2020. Vol. 26. No. 1. P. 67–85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">formy, smysly, znachenie [Ishanism as a Sufi tradition of the Middle Volga in the 20th century: forms, meanings, significance], Medina, Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arifin 2011 – Arifin C.T.Z. Sejarah Wujudnya Makam Sab’atul Auliya’ Wali Pitu di Bali (Sejarah Perkembangan dan Pengembanganка) [История возникновения гробницы Саб’атул Аулии Вали Питу на Бали (История развития и расширения)]. Ruang Baca Pascasarjana: Zifatama Publishing, 2011. 75 hlm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haryanto, S. (2019), “The sociological context of religion in Indonesia”, in Hood Jr., R.W. and Cheruvallil-Contractor, S., eds., Research in the social scientific study of religion, Brill, Malang, Indonesia, pp. 67–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arjana 2017 – Arjana S. Pilgrimage in Islam: Traditional and modern practices. L.: Oneworld Publications, 2017. 288 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hobsbawm, E. (2005), “Introduction: the invention of traditions”, in Hobsbawm, E., Ranger, T. Vynajdennja tradytsij [The invention of tradition], Nika-Tsentr, Kyiv, Ukraine, pp. 12–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhardwaj 1998 – Bhardwaj S. Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation // Journal of Cultural Geography. 1998. Vol. 17. No 2. P. 69–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houston, K. (2018), “Islam of anthropology”, Islamology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowen 2011 – Bowen J.R. Graves, shrines and power in a highland Sumatran society // Manifestations of sainthood in Islam / ed. by G.M. Smith, C.W. Ernst. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011. Р. 1–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamhari (2000), “In the center of meaning: Ziarah tradition in Java”, Studia Islamika, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 51–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chambert-Loir, Guillot 2010 – Ziarah dan Wali di Dunia Islam [Паломничества и святые в исламском мире] / ed. by H. Chambert-Loir, C. Guillot. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu, 2010. 408 hlm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonge, H., de (1998), “Pilgrimages and local Islam on Java”, Studia Islamika, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook 2007 – Cook D. Martyrdom in Islam: Themes in Islamic history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 206 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kormina, J. (2019), Palomniki: Etnograficheskie ocherki pravoslavnogo nomadizma [Pilgrims. Ethnographic essays on Orthodox nomadism], VShE, Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Formichi 2021 – Formichi C. Muslim pilgrimage in Southeast Asia // Routledge handbook on Islam in Asia / ed. by C. Formichi. L.; N.Y.: Routledge, 2021. P. 196–208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laksana, A.B. (2016), Muslim and Catholic pilgrimage practices: Explorations through Java, Routledge, New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gellner 1969 – Gellner E. Saints of the Atlas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969. 317 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis, I.M. (1998), Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a clan-based society, The Red Sea Press, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA, Asmara, Eritrea.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haryanto 2019 – Haryanto S. The sociological context of religion in Indonesia // Research in the social scientific study of religion / ed. by. R.W. Hood Jr., S. Cheruvallil-Contractor. Malang: Brill, 2019. P. 67–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinov, V.P. (2019), “Relics of pagan beliefs in the Islamic ‘Cult of Saints’”, Islamovedenie, no. 3, pp. 61–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamhari 2000 – Jamhari. In the center of meaning: Ziarah tradition in Java // Studia Islamika. 2000. Vol. 7. No.1. P. 51–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lücking, M. (2014), “Making ‘Arab’ one´s own: Muslim pilgrimage experiences in Central Java, Indonesia”, Internationale Asienforum, vol. 45, no. 1–2, pp. 129–152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonge 1998 – Jonge H., de. Pilgrimages and local Islam on Java // Studia Islamika. 1998. Vol. 5. No. 2. P. 1–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makatov, I.A. (1967), “The cult of Saints in Islam (based on materials from the Dagestan ASSR and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR)”, in Voprosy nauchnogo ateizma [Questions of scientific atheism], Mysl’, Moscow, USSR, pp. 164–182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laksana 2016 – Laksana A.B. Muslim and Catholic pilgrimage practices: Explorations through Java. N.Y.: Routledge, 2016. 272 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malikov, A. (2019), “The cult of Saints and shrines in Samarqand province of Uzbekistan”, International Journal of Modern Anthropology, vol. 3, pp. 117–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis 1998 – Lewis I.M. Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a clan-based society. Lawrenceville; NJ – Asmara, Eritrea: The Red Sea Press, 1998. 174 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandal, S. (2012), “Popular sites of prayer, transoceanic migration, and cultural diversity: Exploring the significance of keramat in Southeast Asia”, Modern Asian Studies, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 355–372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lücking 2014 – Lücking M. Making “Arab” one´s own: Muslim pilgrimage experiences in Central Java, Indonesia // Internationale Asienforum. 2014. Vol. 45. No. 1–2. P. 129–152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masduki, A. (2016), “The social construction of new understanding Wali in Java”, DINIKA: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 1, nо. 2, рp. 189– 209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malikov 2019 – Malikov A. The cult of Saints and shrines in Samarqand province of Uzbekistan // International Journal of Modern Anthropology. 2019. Vol. 3. P. 117–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masduki, A. (2018), “Pilgrimage as a new way to define and characterize the sainthood”, DINIKA: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 3, nо. 2, рp. 221–237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandal 2012 – Mandal S. Popular sites of prayer, transoceanic migration, and cultural diversity: Exploring the significance of keramat in Southeast Asia // Modern Asian Studies. 2012. Vol. 46. No. 2. P. 355–372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayeur-Jaouen, C. (2000), “Tombeau, mosquée et zâwiya: la polarité des lieux saints musulmans”, in Vauchez, A., ed., Lieux sacrés, lieux de culte, sanctuaires. Approches terminologiques, méthodologiques, historiques et monographiques, École Française de Rome, Rome, Italy, pp. 133–147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masduki 2016 – Masduki A. The social construction of new understanding Wali in Java // DINIKA: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies. 2016. Vol. 1. Nо. 2. May–Aug. Р. 189–209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millie, J. and Mayo, L. (2019), “Grave visiting (Ziyara) in Indonesia”, in Rahimi, B. and Eshaghi, P., ed., Muslim pilgrimage in the modern world, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, USA, pp. 183–204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masduki 2018a – Masduki A. Pilgrimage as a new way to define and characterize the sainthood // DINIKA: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies. 2018. Vol. 3. Nо. 2. Р. 221–237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn, G. (2007), “Throwing money at the Holy Door: Commercial aspects of popular pilgrimage in Java”, in Fealy, S., ed., Expressing Islam: Religious life and politics in Indonesia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, Indonesia, pp. 63–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayeur-Jaouen 2000 – Mayeur-Jaouen C. Tombeau, mosquée et zâwiya: la polarité des lieux saints musulmans // Lieux sacrés, lieux de culte, sanctuaires. Approches terminologiques, méthodologiques, historiques et monographiques / ed. by A. Vauchez. Rome: École Française de Rome, 2000. Р. 133–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raya, M.K.F. (2022), “Wali Pitu in Bali: Inventing new Halal tourism destinations in contemporary Indonesia”, Contemporary Islam, vol. 16, pp. 475–505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millie, Mayo 2019 – Millie J., Mayo L. Grave visiting (Ziyara) in Indonesia // Muslim pilgrimage in the modern world / ed. by B. Rahimi, P. Eshaghi. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. P. 183–204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seitov E.M. (2018), “The cult of veneration of saints in Central Asian folk Islam on the example of the Sheikhantaur complex, Tashkent, Uzbekistan”, Gumanitarnyi aktsent, no. 1, pp. 68–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn 2007 – Quinn G. Throwing money at the Holy Door: Commercial aspects of popular pilgrimage in Java // Expressing Islam: Religious life and politics in Indonesia / ed. by S. Fealy. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007. P. 63–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seleznev, A.G., Selezneva, I.A. and Belich, I.V. (2009), Kul’t svyatykh v sibirskom islame: spetsifika universal’nogo [The cult of saints in Siberian Islam: the specificity of the universal], ID «Mardzhani», Moscow, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raya 2022 – Raya M.K.F. Wali Pitu in Bali: Inventing new Halal tourism destinations in contemporary Indonesia // Contemporary Islam. 2022. Vol. 16. P. 475–505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh, D. (2019), “ ‘Saint-making’ in a South Asian tradition of Islam”, Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 184–195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh 2019 – Singh D. “Saint-making” in a South Asian tradition of Islam // Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. 2019. Vol. 36. No. 3. P. 184–195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soares, B.F. (2004), “Muslim Saints in the age of neoliberalism”, in Weiss, B., ed., Ritual and reproduction in a neoliberal age, Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, pp. 79–105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soares 2004 – Soares B.F. Muslim Saints in the age of neoliberalism // Ritual and reproduction in a neoliberal age / ed. by B. Weiss. Leiden: Brill, 2004. Р. 79–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Syzranov, A.V. (2006), Svyatye mesta musul’man Astrakhanskogo kraya: Istoriko-etnograficheskii ocherk [Holy places of Muslims of the Astrakhan region. Historical and ethnographic essay], ID «Astrakhanskii universitet», Astrakhan’, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uyuni et al. 2024 – Uyuni B., Arief K.M., Adnan M., Hamid A., Sutiono. Exploration of Wali-Songo (Nine Saints) Ziyarat in Indonesia from religious tourism (pilgrimage) perspective // Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities. 2024. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 1–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uyuni, B., Arief, K.M., Adnan, M., Hamid, A. and Sutiono (2024), “Exploration of Wali-Songo (Nine Saints) Ziyarat in Indonesia from religious tourism (pilgrimage) perspective”, Cogent Arts &amp; Humanities, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeleke 2014 – Zeleke M. “We are the same but different”: Accounts of Ethiopian Orthodox Christian adherents of Islamic Sufi Saints // Journal for the Study of Religion. 2014. Vol. 27. No. 2. P. 195–213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeleke, M. (2014), “ ‘We are the same but different’: Accounts of Ethiopian Orthodox Christian adherents of Islamic Sufi Saints”, Journal for the Study of Religion, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 195–213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuhri 2013 – Zuhri S. Inventing Balinese Muslim sainthood // Indonesia and the Malay World. 2013. Vol. 41. No. 119. P. 1–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuhri, S. (2013), “Inventing Balinese Muslim sainthood”, Indonesia and the Malay World, vol. 41, no, 119, pp. 1–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
