religiosaStudia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религииStudia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion2658-4158РГГУ10.28995/2658-4158-2024-4-46-59religiosa-360Research ArticleЭкспедиция в ЭфиопиюExpedition to Ethiopia«Тот, у кого белое пятно на голове»: любимое животное и его роль в самосознании хамаров“The one with the white spot on his head”: A favorite animal and its role in the self-awareness of the HamarЖуковаЛ. Г.ZhukovaL. G.

Людмила Г. Жукова, кандидат культурологии, доцент

125047, Россия, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Liudmila G. Zhukova, Cand. of Sci. (Cultural Studies), associate professor

6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047

milazhukova@gmail.comРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202413122024044659Copyright © Жукова Л.Г., 20242024Жукова Л.Г.Zhukova L.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/360

В статье исследуется феномен «эрравака» - любимого животного в культуре хамаров, скотоводческого народа юго-западной Эфиопии. Рассматривается процесс выбора и ритуального преображения эрравака, его роль в формировании идентичности пастуха и социальных связей в обществе. Анализируются культурные практики, связанные с эрраваком, включая сочинение песен и проведение церемоний. Статья показывает, как через отношения с эрраваком отражаются ключевые аспекты мировоззрения хамаров, их эстетические предпочтения и духовные ценности. Кроме того, исследование раскрывает ритуальные аспекты ухода за эрраваком, символическое значение физических изменений, вносимых в облик животного, и влияние этих практик на социальную структуру хамаров. В работе также рассматриваются лингвистические аспекты наречения имени эрраваку и то, как эти имена становятся неотъемлемой частью идентичности владельца. Анализируя традицию эрравака, в противовес упрощенным представлениям об отношениях человека и животных в традиционных культурах, статья поднимает вопрос о сложном взаимодействии между мирами людей и животных в скотоводческих обществах, выходящем за рамки чисто экономических отношений. Феномен эрравака рассматривается в контексте современных антропозоологических исследований, изучающих роль животных в формировании человеческой идентичности. Проводятся параллели между отношением к эрраваку у хамаров и восприятием домашних питомцев в западной культуре. Статья вносит вклад в понимание многообразия форм взаимодействия человека и животных в различных культурах.

This article explores the phenomenon of “errawak” – the favorite animal in the culture of the Hamar, a pastoral people of southwestern Ethiopia. It examines the process of selecting and ritually transforming the errawak, its role in shaping the shepherd’s identity and social connections within the community. The study analyzes cultural practices associated with errawak, including composing songs and conducting ceremonies. The article shows how key aspects of the Hamar worldview, their aesthetic preferences, and spiritual values are reflected through relationships with errawak. Additionally, the research reveals the ritualistic aspects of errawak care, the symbolic significance of physical modifications made to the animal, and the impact of these practices on Hamar social structure. The paper also explores the linguistic aspects of naming errawak and how these names become an integral part of the owner’s identity. By analyzing the errawak tradition, in contrast to simplified notions of human-animal relationships in traditional cultures, the article raises questions about the complex interaction between human and animal worlds in pastoral societies, extending beyond purely economic relations. The errawak phenomenon is considered in the context of modern anthrozoological studies examining the role of animals in shaping human identity. Parallels are drawn between the attitude towards errawak among the Hamar and the perception of pets in Western culture. The article contributes to understanding the diversity of forms of human-animal interaction across different cultures.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.