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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">religiosa</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Studia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-4158</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГГУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2658-4158-2024-2-42-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">religiosa-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Papers</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Сильные апологии»: мученичество и иудео-христианская полемика в поздней античности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Strong apologies”: Martyrdom and the Jewish-Christian polemic in Late Antiquity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боярин</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarin</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниэль Боярин, Emeritus Professor</p><p>94720;  Университет-авеню и Оксфорд-стрит; Беркли</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniel Boyarin, Emeritus Professor</p><p>94720; University Avenue and Oxford Street; Berkeley</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boyarin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калифорнийский университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of California</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боярин Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боярин Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyarin D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/303">https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, существовала ли в поздней античности иудео-христианская полемика по поводу мученичества. Автор предполагает, что историю рабби Акивы и Папоса бен Йехуды в Вавилонском Талмуде можно рассматривать как часть спора между евреями и христианами о том, чье мученичество было значительнее и могло выступать доказательством истинности учения. В этом свете диалог рабби Акивы и Папоса в тюрьме о причине, по которой каждого из них арестовали римские власти, можно рассматривать как свидетельство соперничества между евреями и христианами. Согласно тексту, рабби Акива, убежденный в том, что евреи должны оставаться стойкими в Торе и Тора принесет им жизнь, примет мученическую смерть за Тору; тогда как Папос, которого в поздневавилонской традиции будут связывать с христианством, как он сам признает это в повествовании, умрет только из-за суеверия. По мнению автора, в этом сюжете можно увидеть отражение спора о мученичестве между евреями и христианами еще в III, а может быть, даже в IV веке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The paper discusses whether there was a polemic about martyrdom between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity. The author suggests that we can see the story of Rabbi Akiva and Papos ben Yehuda in the Babylonian Talmud as part of a controversy between Jews and Christians about the question of whose martyrdom is bigger and could be used as proof of the truth of their doctrine. In this light, the dialogue in prison between Rabbi Akiva and Papos about the reason for their arrest could be read as testimony to existing competition between rabbinic Jews and Christians. According to the text, Rabbi Akiva, who is certain that the Jews must remain steadfast in Torah and the Torah will bring them life, will be martyred for Torah; while Papos, who is associated in the late Babylonian tradition with Christianity, on his own confession in the narrative, will die only for superstitio. The author claims that here we can see a reflection of competition for martyrdom between Jews and Christians of as late as the third or maybe even fourth centuries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>талмудическая традиция</kwd><kwd>мученичество</kwd><kwd>евреи</kwd><kwd>христиане</kwd><kwd>рабби Акива</kwd><kwd>теологические дискуссии</kwd><kwd>поздняя античность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Talmudic tradition</kwd><kwd>martyrdom</kwd><kwd>Jews</kwd><kwd>Christians</kwd><kwd>Rabbi Akiva</kwd><kwd>theological disputes</kwd><kwd>Late Antiquity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer 1971 – Bauer W. Orthodoxy and heresy in earliest Christianity / ed. by R.A. Kraft, G. Krodel. Philadelphia (PA): Fortress Press, 1971. 326 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer, W. 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