religiosaStudia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религииStudia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion2658-4158РГГУ10.28995/2658-4158-2023-2-63-79religiosa-219Research ArticleСтатьиPapersИсторическое и мифологическое в евангельском предании о казни Иоанна КрестителяHistory and mythology in the Gospel story about the execution of John the BaptistБабкинаС. Б.BabkinaS. V.

Светлана В. Бабкина, кандидат исторических наук

125047, Россия, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Svetlana V. Babkina, Cand. of Sci. (History)

bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, Russia, 125047

ocean_blue@mail.ruРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202324052023026379Copyright © Бабкина С.Б., 20232023Бабкина С.Б.Babkina S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/219

Данная статья представляет собой историко-религиоведческий анализ евангельского сюжета о казни Иоанна Крестителя. В первой части приводятся теории современных исследователей, занимающихся историей и генеалогией рода Иродов. Благодаря сопоставлению текста Евангелий, Иосифа Флавия и внешних свидетельств становится ясно, что танцовщицей на пиру могла быть не только Саломея, дочь Иродиады, но и юная падчерица Иродиады, Иродиада Соломея, дочь Ирода Антипы и набатейской царевны Фасаэлис. Этот факт открывает альтернативное прочтение истории: мы видим не только противостояние эроса и танатоса, но и сюжет о невинности, которая становится орудием в руках зла. Вторая часть статьи – анализ текста как мифа, помогающий понять значение и смысл сюжета на трех уровнях: буквальном (Иисус не может быть Иоанном, поскольку тот был недавно казнен), мифологическом (Иоанн – «жерт ва-предтеча» Иисуса, принесенная в соответствии с языческой мифологической моделью), богословском (смерть Иоанна – завершение прежней мифологической системы, основанной на жертве, вместо которой приходит новая, основанная на «нежертвенном» принципе ненасилия).

This article is a historical and religious analysis of the Gospel’s story about the execution of John the Baptist. The first part of the work deals with the modern theories and reconstructions of the history and genealogy of the Herodian family. The comparative analysis of the Gospels, Josephus and several other witnesses shows that the dancer could be not only Salome, the daughter of Herodias, but it could also be Herodias Salome, the young daughter of Herod Antipas and Nabatean princess Phasaelis. This fact opens an alternative reading of the story: we can see not only the story about confrontation of Eros and Thanatos, but also the story about the innocence as a weapon of evil minds. The second part of the paper is the analyses of the story as a myth. In process we can understand the significance and the meaning of the episode on three levels: literal (Jesus is not John, since the second was recently decapitated), mythological (John is the “forerunning sacrifice” of Jesus а sacrifice made according to the pagan mythological model) and theological (the death of John is the end of the old mythological system based on the sacrifice and the forerunning of the new one, based on the “non-sacrificial” principal of non-violence).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.