religiosaStudia Religiosa Rossica: научный журнал о религииStudia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion2658-4158РГГУ10.28995/2658-4158-2022-4-20-43religiosa-181Research ArticleСтатьиPapersПраведные анорексички: про-анорексия (про-ана) движение как аудиторный культRighteous anorexics. The pro-anorexia (pro-ana) movement as an audience cultИвлиеваЕ. П.IvlievaE. P.

Екатерина П. Ивлиева

125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Ekaterina P. Ivlieva

bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047

rubinakatya@yandex.ruРоссийский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияRussian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202227012023042043Copyright © Ивлиева Е.П., 20232023Ивлиева Е.П.Ivlieva E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://srr.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/181

Статья предлагает рассматривать про-анорексия (про-ана) движение как аудиторный культ. Про-ана движение определяется как интернет-движение, участники которого рассматривают нервную анорексию и другие расстройства пищевого поведения не как тяжелые психические заболевания, а как образ жизни. Аудиторный культ – это, согласно Р. Старку и У. Бейнбриджу, сообщество людей, не связанных фиксированным членством, но объединенных набором идей, транслируемых разными медиа. Приверженцы аудиторного культа выступают в качестве ≪потребителей≫ культовых идей, а не членов религиозной организации. Источниками настоящей статьи служат материалы русскоязычных про-ана сообществ, собранные при помощи методов виртуальной этнографии. Привлекаются исследования Оливии Нэптон, Беаты Хоффман, Грейс Овербеке, Мишель Лелвики и ряда других авторов, выполненные на основе материалов англоязычных про-ана сообществ. В статье описываются мифология и практики отечественного про-ана движения. Отдельно, с привлечением исследований Рудольфа Белла и Кэролайн Уокер Байнум, посвященных средневековым женщинам-мистикам, обсуждается вопрос о сходстве практик ограничения питания, свойственных участницам про-ана движения, и аскетических практик Средневековья. В исследовании делается вывод о наличии признаков аудиторного культа у русскоязычного про-ана движения.

The article considers the pro-anorexia (pro-ana) movement an audience cult. The author defines the pro-ana movement as an Internet movement whose members view anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders not as severe mental illnesses, but as a lifestyle choice. The audience cult is a term proposed by sociologists R. Stark and W. S. Bainbridge in the framework of the theory of religious movements. According to Stark and Bainbridge, an audience cult is a community of people who are not bound by a fixed membership, but are united by a set of ideas spread by the media. Adherents of the audience cult act as “consumers” of cult ideas, and not members of a religious organization. The author considers the materials of Russian-speaking pro-ana communities, collected by the methods of the virtual ethnography. The author uses research conducted by Olivia Knapton, Beata Hoffman, Grace Overbeke, Michelle Lelwica and other authors who researched English-speaking pro-ana communities. The article describes the mythology and practices of the pro-ana movement. The article also uses the research of Rudolph Bell and Caroline Walker Bynum on medieval women mystics in order to separately discuss the similarities between the food restriction practices of the pro-ana movement and the ascetic practices of the Middle Ages saints. The author concludes that there are features of an audience cult in the Russian-speaking pro-ana movement.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.